A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Cultural Heritage Sites: The Case of the Roman Ruins of Tróia

Abstract This article contributes to developing an indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework for cultural heritage sites. It provides a index sites potentially exposed multiple hazards, including sudden-onset and slow-onset while considering climate change influences. Through determining particular criteria indicators, the Cultural Heritage Vulnerability Index incorporates structural non-structural factors of site its local national settings. The procedure was applied case Roman Ruins Tróia in Portugal. findings highlight those areas sensitivity (e.g., existing deterioration patterns types foundation) coping adaptive capacities institutional setting response plan) that significantly contribute level risk. results will further enable priorities risk mitigation preparedness measures, reducing promoting capacities.